Geography is the study of places and the relationships between people and their environments. Geographers explore both the physical properties of Earth’s surface and the human societies spread across it. They also examine how human culture interacts with the natural environment, and the way that locations and places can have an impact on people. Geography seeks to understand where things are found, why they are there, and how they develop and change over time. The term “geography” comes to us from the ancient Greeks, who needed a word to describe the writings and maps that were helping them make sense of the world in which they lived. In Greek, geo means “earth” and –graphymeans “to write.”  Using geography, Greeks developed an understanding of where their homeland was located in relation to other places, what their own and other places were like, and how people and environments were distributed. These concerns have been central to geography ever since.

Of course, the Greeks were not the only people interested in geography. Throughout human history, most societies have sought to understand something about their place in the world, and the people and environments around them.

Invertebrates

• Are animals that neither possess nor develop by a vertebral column (or commonly known as the backbone). Example of this animals are insects, crabs, lobster, snails,and etc.

• Fish

     The first true vertebrates on earth, fish evolved from invertebrate ancestors about 500 million years ago, and have dominated the world’s oceans, lakes, and rivers ever since. There are three main types of fish: bony fish (which includes such familiar species as tuna and salmon); cartilaginous fish (which includes sharks, rays, and skates); and jawless fish (a small family made up entirely of hagfish and lampreys).

  

• Amphibians

  Amphibians are characterized by their semi-aquatic lifestyles (they have to stay near bodies of water, both to maintain the moisture of their skin and to lay their eggs), and today they are among the most endangered animals on earth.

  

• Reptiles
  • Reptiles, like amphibians, make up a fairly small proportion of terrestrial animals—but in the form of dinosaurs, they ruled the earth for over 150 million years. There are four basic types of reptiles: crocodiles and alligators, turtles and tortoises, snakes, and lizards. Reptiles are characterized by their cold-blooded metabolisms—they fuel themselves up by exposure to the sun—their scaly skin, and their leathery eggs, which, unlike amphibians, they can lay some distance away from bodies of water.
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  • Reptiles
    • Reptiles, like amphibians, make up a fairly small proportion of terrestrial animals—but in the form of dinosaurs, they ruled the earth for over 150 million years. There are four basic types of reptiles: crocodiles and alligators, turtles and tortoises, snakes, and lizards. Reptiles are characterized by their cold-blooded metabolisms—they fuel themselves up by exposure to the sun—their scaly skin, and their leathery eggs, which, unlike amphibians, they can lay some distance away from bodies of water.
    • Birds evolved from dinosaurs—not once, but probably multiple times—during the Mesozoic Era, and today they are by far the most prolific flying vertebrates, numbering about 10,000 species spread across 30 separate orders. Birds are characterized by their coats of feathers, their warm-blooded metabolisms, their memorable songs (at least in certain species),
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      Mammals

       

      • It’s natural for people to consider mammals the pinnacle of evolution–after all, humans are mammals, and so were our ancestors. (In fact, mammals are among the least diverse animal groups—there are only about 5,000 species overall!) Mammals are characterized by their hair or fur (which all species possess during some stage of their life cycles),

ASTRONOMY is the scientific study of celestial objects such as stars, planets, comets, and galaxies and phenomena that originate outside the Earth’s atmosphere such as the cosmic background radiation. It is concerned with the evolution, physics, chemistry, meteorology, and motion of celestial objects, as well as the formation and development of the universe.

Astronomy is one of the oldest sciences. Astronomers of early civilizations performed methodical observations of the night sky, and astronomical artifacts have been found from much earlier periods.

However, the invention of the telescope was required before astronomy was able to develop into a modern science. Historically, astronomy has included disciplines as diverse as astrometry, celestial navigation, observational astronomy, the making of calendars, and even, at one time, astrology, but professional astronomy is nowadays often considered to be identical with astrophysics.

Since the 20th century, the field of professional astronomy split into observational and theoretical branches. Observational astronomy is focused on acquiring and analyzing data, mainly using basic principles of physics. Theoretical astronomy is oriented towards the development of computer or analytical models to describe astronomical objects and phenomena.

The two fields complement each other, with theoretical astronomy seeking to explain the observational results, and observations being used to confirm theoretical results. Amateur astronomers have contributed to many important astronomical discoveries, and astronomy is one of the few sciences where amateurs can still play an active role, especially in the discovery and observation of transient phenomena.

The most frequently studied star is the Sun, a typical main-sequence dwarf star of stellar class G2 V, and about 4.6 Gyr in age. The Sun is not considered a variable star, but it does undergo periodic changes in activity known as the sunspot cycle.

The study of stars and stellar evolution is fundamental to our understanding of the universe.

The astrophysics of stars has been determined through observation and theoretical understanding; and from computer simulations of the interior.

Star formation occurs in dense regions of dust and gas, known as giant molecular clouds.

When destabilized, cloud fragments can collapse under the influence of gravity, to form a protostar.

A sufficiently dense, and hot, core region will trigger nuclear fusion, thus creating a main-sequence star.

Almost all elements heavier than hydrogen and helium were created inside the cores of stars.

https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/astronomy.htm

The study of biology has helped humans to understand the similarities between all forms of life. For example, the genetic code that helps to construct all living organisms is very similar in all life forms. Biology is important to everyday life because it allows humans to better understand their bodies, their resources and potential threats in the environment The genetic material is stored in the form of DNA for all plants, animals, bacteria and fungi. By studying the DNA of all these different life forms, biologists have determined that all living creatures are related to each other.
Biology has also helped doctors learn how to keep people healthy and fight off disease. Biologists have learned that things called pathogens, which are themselves other living entities, cause diseases. By understanding how these dangerous organisms work, scientists can fight them off. Because of biology, many people have lived long lives as they have been able to avoid diseases.
Biology also studies the origin of diseases and plagues, such as infections, pathologies of animals and damage to plants and trees. Biology encompasses the study of the functions of living beings, enhancement of useful species, factors that cause illnesses, discovery and production of medicines and sustainable use of natural resources. Through biotechnology, biologists find efficient ways to produce food and other supplies for people. They investigate the processes involved in producing various nutritional substances.
Humans aren’t the only living things biology is concerned with. It also tells us all about plants and animals – how they live, what they’re made up of, and how they interact with mankind and each other. This enables us to make the most of our planet’s natural resources while trying to minimize the impact we have on the environment.

Where did everything come from?

Many of us believe that everything come from God. Based on the book of Genesis, it was stated there that God created everything in the seven days of creation. However, science has a different explanation regarding about where everything came from. There are a lot of theories presented by the scientist about this matter. Some of this theories are the nebular theory, big bang theory etc.. But where did everything really come from?

We believe that the universe started from nothing into something. The universe started 13.7 billion years ago from a massive expansion that blew space up like a gigantic balloon. The universe expanded due to the absence of gravity and the presence of radiation because of the pressure.

But where does the matter started or came from?

After the universe expanded, based on my insights there is huge explosion of cosmic light that lead to the creation of matter and anti-matter. Some of these matter containing the different chemicals and elements..

The earth was only form after 4.3million years ago. It was form due to the pull of gravity. But first the earth was just giant rock. There is no life at all but only an empty place. But due to the meteorite that always hits the earth there are some chemicals that combined to it. Also, the planet called Theia collide to the earth that causes a giant impact. Because of that, the moon was from and some of the chemicals are left on the earth that was started in the formation of life. Life starts from water or the chemical formula H20.

First the earth was just water but due to the different chemicals brought by the meteorite some of the chemicals mixed in the water and then because of that the eukaryotic cells form. These cells are the cells that contain nucleus. These cells are the first living things that inhabited the earth. I believe that these cells form because of the protein that mixed in the water. Because of that, the cells started to make its protein synthesis which is present in all of life forms in order to survive.

What is zoology?

• Zoology is a branch of biology which focuses on animals and their lifestyle. Zoologist are those who examine, observe and sometimes conducts experiments either in the wild or in laboratories. Why is zoology important? It provides insights about how life works. Zoologists also study the origin of an animal. They also conduct research on how we can preserve our nature and the animals and also about the diseases of animals. Animals are important because they provide us food, companionship and with a sense of wonder. Zoology helps us to understand and appreciate our nature, the animals because if we do not know anything about nature and animals then we won’t be able to appreciate and take care of them. It also helps us understand the importance of preservation. It makes us realize that preserving animals and protecting them so that some animals wouldn’t be extinct. It helps us to know our role in the ecosystem.

Thanks for joining me!

Good company in a journey makes the way seem shorter. — Izaak Walton